2020-2024年某院儿科呼吸道病毒及支原体感染病原学流行特征

Etiological and epidemiological characteristics of respiratory tract viruses and Mycoplasma infectoin in pediatrics department of a hospital from 2020 to 2024

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 了解2020-2024年儿科因急性呼吸道感染(ARTI)收住入院儿童呼吸道非细菌性病原体的感染情况。
    方法 回顾性分析2020年3月-2024年2月因ARTI在丽水市人民医院儿科住院治疗患儿13项呼吸道病原体检测结果, 按照不同性别, 年龄, 季节等分析不同呼吸道病原体阳性检出率和流行特征变化。
    结果 本次研究共纳入12 291例患儿, 其中6 508例呼吸道病原体检测阳性, 总体阳性检出率为52.95%。阳性检出率前3位分别为鼻病毒(HRV)、肺炎支原体(MP)和呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)。男性患儿总体阳性检出率54.43%(3 707/6 810)高于女性患儿51.10%(2 801/5 481)(χ2=13.524, P＜0.001), 其中男性患儿HRV和RSV阳性检出率高于女性患儿(P＜0.05), 而女性患儿MP阳性检出率高于男性患儿(P＜0.05)。不同年龄组呼吸道病原体总体阳性检出率比较, 差异有统计学意义(χ2=59.924, P＜0.001)。婴儿组、幼儿组、学龄前期组和学龄期组阳性检出率较高的病原体分别为RSV、HRV、HRV和MP。呼吸道病原体总体阳性检出率随着季节的转换呈现逐渐上升的趋势(χ2=145.887, P＜0.001), 不同季节不同病原体流行存在统计学差异(P＜0.05)。
    结论 2020-2024年丽水市人民医院儿童呼吸道非细菌性病原体检出以HRV、MP和RSV为主, 不同的呼吸道病原体阳性检出率在不同的性别、年龄和季节等方面比较均存在统计学差异。

     

    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE To understand the prevalence of non-bacterial pathogens infections among the children who were hospitalized in pediatrics department due to acute respiratory tract infections(ARTI) from 2020 to 2024.
    METHODS The children who were hospitalized in pediatrics department of Lishui People′s Hospital due to ARTI from Mar. 2020 to Feb. 2024 were enrolled in the study, the results of tests of 13 items of respiratory tract pathogens for the children were retrospectively analyzed. The positive isolation rates of respiratory tract pathogens and epidemiological characteristics were observed and compared among the children according to the gender, age and season.
    RESULTS A total of 12, 291 children were enrolled in the study, 6508 of whom were tested positive for respiratory tract pathogens, and the total positive isolation rate was 52.95%. Rhinovirus (HRV), Mycoplasma pneumoniae and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) ranked the top 3 pathogens tested positive. The total positive rate of isolation of the male children was 54.43%(3707/6810), higher than 51.10%(2801/5481) of the female children (χ2=13.524, P < 0.001); the positive rates of HRV and RSV of the male children were higher than those of the female children (P < 0.05), while the positive rate of MP of the female children was higher than that of the male children (P < 0.05). There was significant difference in the total positive rate of isolation of respiratory tract pathogens among the age groups (χ2=59.924, P < 0.001). The positive rates of RSV, HRV and MP of the infant group, the toddler group, the preschool age group and the school age group were relatively high. The total positive rate of isolation of the respiratory tract pathogens showed an upward trend with the change of seasons (χ2=145.887, P < 0.001); there was significant difference in the prevalence of pathogens among the seasons (P < 0.05).
    CONCLUSIONS HRV, MP and RSV are dominant among the respiratory tract non-bacterial pathogens isolated from the children who are hospitalized in Lishui People′s Hospital from 2020 to 2024. There are significant differences in the positive rates of the respiratory tract pathogens among the genders, age, and seasons.

     

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