Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between the C1174 T polymorphism of the Toll-like receptor 5（TLR5） gene in peripheral blood and the postoperative urinary catheter-associated urinary tract infection（CAUTI） in urology surgery patients.METHODS From Jun 2016 to Jun 2020, a total of 60 patients who underwent surgery in urology department of Quzhou City Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital and had postoperative CAUTI were assigned as the study group, meanwhile, 80 patients who received surgery with urinary catheter indwelling but did not have postoperative CAUTI were set as the control group. 2 ml of peripheral venous blood was drawn from each of two groups of study subjects at the enrollment, the C1174 T locus polymorphism of TLR5 gene was detected by using real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α（TTNF-α）, interferon-γ（IFN-γ） and interleukin-17（IL-17） were detected by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS The length of hospital stay, urinary catheter indwelling time and number of times of catheterization were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group（P＜0.05）. The frequencies of TT genotype at C1174 T locus of TLR5 gene and T allele were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group（P＜0.05）. The result of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the long length of hospital stay, long urinary catheter indwelling time, large number of times of catheterization, TT genotype and T allele were the independent risk factors for the postoperative CAUTI in the urology surgery patients（P＜0.05）. The levels of TLR5 mRNA, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17 of the TT group were significantly higher than those of the CC/CT group（P＜0.05）.CONCLUSION The C1174 T polymorphism of TLR5 gene in peripheral blood is associated with the increase of incidence of postoperative CAUTI in the urology surgery patients, and it is necessary to conduct the screening for the patients.