Abstract: OBJECTIVE To observe the changes of serum and urine cytokines of patients with infectious kidney stones. METHODS Totally 46 patients with infectious kidney stones who were treated in the hospital from Sep 2013 to Oct 2015 were chosen as the observation group, meanwhile, 46 healthy people who received physical examination were set as the control group. The levels of serum and urine cytokines were compared between the two groups of patients, and the levels of serum and urine cytokines were observed and compared among the patients with different levels of white blood cells or with different condition of hydronephrosis in the observation group. RESULTS The levels of serum and urine IL-2 of the observation group were respectively (10.31±1.56)ug/L and(4.63±0.66)ug/L, lower than (15.64±2.21)ug/L and(7.86±1.51)ug/L of the control group. The levels of other serum cytokines IL-6, IL-10, EGF, IFN-γ and TNF-αof the observation group were respectively (7.84±1.14)pg/ml, (24.33±2.50)pg/ml, (763.64±45.98)pg/ml, (16.83±1.54)ug/ml, (1.94±0.22)ng/ml and (4.25±0.65)pg/ml, (11.31±1.54)pg/ml, (342.52±20.68)pg/ml, (7.97±1.18)ug/ml and(1.12±0.15)ng/ml, higher than (3.40±0.52)pg/ml,(11.51±1.56)pg/ml, (410.55±32.52)pg/ml, (7.93±0.73)ug/ml,(0.88±0.12)ng/ml and(1.31±0.20)pg/ml, (5.45±0.64)pg/ml,(195.35±14.63)pg/ml,(3.87±0.52)ug/ml and(0.40±0.05)ng/ml of the control group. The levels of serum and urine IL-2 of the patients with elevated level of WBC and hydronephrosis were lower than those of the patients without elevated level of WBC or hydronephrosis in the observation group; however, the levels of other serum and urine cytokines of the patients with elevated level of WBC and hydronephrosis were higher than those of the patients without elevated level of WBC or hydronephrosis, and there were significant differences (P<0.05). CONCLUSION There are significant changes of serum and urine cytokines in the patients with infectious kidney stones, which are influenced by the WBC level and hydronephrosis. It is necessary to attach great importance to the monitoring of the serum and urine indexes.