Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the etiological characteristics and risk factors for postoperative urinary tract infections in patients with kidney stones. METHODS The clinical data of 494 patients with kidney stones who underwent surgeries from May 2013 to May 2016 were retrospectively analyzed, the incidence of postoperative urinary tract infections was statistically analyzed, the etiological characteristics of the infections and the drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria were observed, and the related risk factors were analyzed. RESULTS Among the 494 patients with kidney stones, 74 had postoperative urinary tract infections, with the infection rate 14.98%. A total of 101 strains of pathogens were isolated from the 74 patients with infections, of which 31 (30.69%) were gram-positive bacteria, 63 (62.38%) were gram-negative bacteria, and 7 (6.93%) were fungi. The Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were highly resistant to cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem and amikacin but were highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim.Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis strains were highly resistant to penicillin, erythromycin and azithromycin but were highly susceptible to vancomycin, imipenem and minocycline. The no less than 60 years of age, preoperative urine WBC counts no less than 2 high power field and length of hospital stay no less than 10 days were the related risk factors for the postoperative urinary tract infection in the patients with kidney stones. The logistic regression analysis indicated that the age, preoperative urine WBC and length of hospital stay were the independent risk factors for the postoperative urinary tract infection in the patients with kidney stones (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION It is necessary to strengthen the postoperative prevention measures for the patients at risk of kidney stones so as to reduce the incidence of the urinary tract infections.