Abstract: OBJECTIVE To discuss the risk factors and intervention measures of postoperative pulmonary infection in elderly patients with abdominal operation, so as to provide objective basis for clinical prevention and treatment. METHODS A total of 620 elderly patients with abdominal operation from Jun. 2012 to May 2015 were enrolled into the study, and the risk factors for infection were analyzed. RESULTS There were 56 cases occurred pulmonary infection in 620 cases of elderly patients with abdominal operation, with the infection rate of 9.0%. Age, body mass index (BMI), respiratory diseases, diabetes, smoking history, operative time, operative site, intraoperative tracheal intubation, postoperative nasogastric tube indwelling time, postoperative out-of-bed activity time were the risk factors of infection (P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that elderly, respiratory diseases, smoking, tracheal intubation, nasogastric tube indwelling time, ambulation late were the independent risk factors of pulmonary infection in elderly patients with abdominal operation(P<0.05). CONCLUSION The reasonable and correct perioperative intervention can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection.