Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the influencing factors for postoperative urinary tract infection in the ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy patients and analyze the treatment outcomes so as to provide guidance for prevention and control of nosocomial infection. METHODS A total of 115 patients who underwent ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy in Fuyang Second People's Hospital of Anhui Province from Jan. 2018 to Nov. 2019 were recruited as the study subjects.The clinical data of the patients, including gender, age, body mass index, underlying diseases, calculus location, calculus diameter, course of disease, operation duration, double-J tube indwelling time, prophylactic application of antibiotics, residual calculus and length of hospital stay, were collected, the incidence of postoperative urinary tract infection was statistically analyzed, a 6-month follow-up was conducted after the surgery, the recurrence rates of calculi during the follow-up were analyzed, and the three dimensions physiological function, physiological function and general health were scored for the patients by using the MOS item short from health survey (SF-36) at the end of the follow-up. RESULTS Totally 17 patients had postoperative urinary tract infection, with the infection rate 14.78%.The result of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of postoperative urinary tract infection in the ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy patients was associated with the double-J tube indwelling time, postoperative residual of calculi and prophylactic use of antibiotics (P＜0.05), among which the double-J tube indwelling time and postoperative residual of calculi were risk factors, and prophylactic use of antibiotics was protective factor.There were 4 cases with recurrence of calculi in both the infection group and the non-infection during the follow-up, the recurrence rate was 23.53% in the infection group, 4.08% in the non-infection group.The SF-36 scores of the three dimensions were significantly lower in the infection group than in the non-infection group at the end of the follow-up (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION There are a variety of factors such as treatment and surgery that are associated with the postoperative urinary tract infection in the ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy patients, and the infection may affect the prognosis indexes.It is necessary for clinicians to actively take prevention interventions so as to reduce the incidence of postoperative infection, ensure the effect of surgery and improve the prognosis of the patients.