Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the risk factors and prognosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia（VAP）in ICU patients with mechanical ventilation.METHODS Totally 130 ICU patients with mechanical ventilation who were treated from Sep.2015 to may.2017 were selected as the research objects,and were divided into the VAP group（46 cases）and the non-VAP group（84 cases）according to the occurrence of VAP.The medical record information,laboratory inspection datas and ICU monitoring data were collected,and the risk factors of VAP were summarized.The mechanical ventilation time and ICU admission time,APACHE Ⅱ score,clinical pulmonary infection score（CPIS）were compared between the dead and survived patients in the VAP group.RESULTS The mortality rate of the VAP group was 41.30%（19/46）,significantly higher than that of the non-VAP group,and the success rate of ventilator weaning was 45.65%（21/46）,lower than that of the non-VAP group（P＜0.001）.The types of antibiotics used,the duration of continuous use of antibiotics,tracheotomy and re-intubation were the influencing factors of VAP in patients with mechanical ventilation in ICU（P＜0.05）.On the fifth day of ventilation,APACHE II and CPIS scores of VAP dead patients were（20.42±2.36）and（8.84±1.36）respectively,significantly higher than those of VAP survivors（P＜0.001）.APACHE II and CPIS scores before VAP death were（23.45±2.36）and（9.63±1.47）respectively,significantly higher than those before ICU transfer of VAP survivors（P＜0.001）.CONCLUSION ICU VAP patients with mechanical ventilation face difficulty in ventilator weaning,have high mortality,and there were a variety of pathogenic factors.Monitoring should be strengthened to reduce the mortality rate.