Abstract: OBJECTIVE To analyze the infection control and curative effect of ultrasonography percutaneous nephrolithotomy and ureteroscopy in the treatment of renal calculus. METHODS A total of 140 patients with renal calculus who were diagnosed and treated in our department from May 2015 to May 2016 were enrolled in the study. The patients selected the treatment method by themselves, and 70 patients in UPCNL group and 70 patients in URSL group. Postoperative renal function, clinical parameters and postoperative adverse reactions were observed in the two groups. RESULTS The effective rate and ineffective rate of the cleaning effect in the body of UPCNL group were 64.29% and 5.71%, which were significantly better than 50.00% and 21.43% of URSL group (P<0.05). The clinical indexes of patients in UPCNL group with the stone diameter less than 20 mm were better than those of patients in URSL group, including the operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume and stone clearance rate (P<0.01). In patients with the stone diameter larger than 20 mm, the operation time and intraoperative blood loss were significantly increased, especially the amount of intraoperative blood loss was still significantly different (P<0.01). After treatment, the hemoglobin level of UPCNL group was (106.2 ± 9.8) g·^l-1, which was significantly higer than (98.4 ± 9.5) g·^l-1 of URSL group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in serum creatinine level between the two groups before and after operation, which indicated that the two treatments had no effect on renal function. CONCLUSION Using ultrasonography percutaneous nephrolithotomy and ureteroscopy in the treatment of patients with renal calculus, the effects of patients with different sizes of stones are different, but on the whole using ultrasonography percutaneous nephrolithotomy has low postoperative complications of calculus, and has outstanding efficacy.