Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the influence of maternal intrauterine infections on brain damage and cytokines of preterm children so as to provide guidance for clinical study of brain damage of the preterm children.METHODS From Dec 2013 to Oct 2014, totally 45 preterm children who were given birth by puerpera with intrauterine infections were chosen as the infection group, meanwhile, 45 preterm children who were given birth by puerpera without intrauterine infections were set as the non-infection group.The incidence of brain damage, levels of serum cytokine such as interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), length of hospital stay, and treatment cost were observed and compared between the two groups of preterm children.RESULTS The incidence of brain damage of the infection group was 62.22%, higher than 37.78% of the non-infection group.The level of IL-1β of the infection group was (4.85±1.24)μg/L, higher than (1.63±0.42)μg/L of the non-infection group; the level of IL-6 of the infection group was (5.84±2.93)μg/L, higher than (1.97±0.56)μg/L of the non-infection group; the level of TNF-α of the infection group was (4.73±1.45)μg/L, higher than (2.34±0.31)μg/L of the non-infection group.The level of IL-10 of the infection group was (1.62±0.40)μg/L, lower than (1.32±0.21)μg/L of the non-infection group.The length of hospital stay of the infection group was (14.92±2.93)days, longer than (4.39±1.27)days of the non-infection group.The hospitalization cost of the infection group was (11283.76±111.92) yuan, more than (4182.34±89.02) yuan of the non-infection group(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION The maternal intrauterine infections may result in the increase of incidence of brain damage of the preterm children, and the abnormal levels of cytokines occur, which leads to the increase of cost of clinical treatment.