Characteristics and risk factors of nosocomial infections in patients with asthma

OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics and risk factors of nosocomial infections in patients with asthma. METHODS A total of 845 cases of patients with asthma in our hospital from Jan. 2013 to Jan. 2017 were selected. Their sputum, urine and blood samples were collected for bacterial isolation and culture, and the bacteria were identified by biological identification system. The situation of nosocomial infections, pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance in patients with asthma were analyzed, and the related factors of nosocomial infections in patients with asthma were also analyzed. RESULTS There were 100 cases of nosocomial infections occurred among 845 cases of patients with asthma, accounting for 11.83%. There were 58 cases of lower respiratory tract infections, accounting for 58.00%. A total of 120 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 100 cases of patients with nosocomial infections. Among them, 78 strains were gram-negative bacteria accounting for 65%, 36 strains were gram-positive bacteria accounting for 30.00%, and 6 strains were fungi accounting for 5%. The main gram-negative bacteria had high resistant rates to asconan, which were over 80%, and main gram-positive bacteria had high resistant rates to penicillin and erythromycin, which were over 85%. The results of logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that hospitalization time, tracheotomy and mechanical ventilation were risk factors of nosocomial infections in patients with asthma. CONCLUSION Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogens of nosocomial infections in patients with asthma. We should pay attention to the related factors of nosocomial infections, and effective preventive measures should be further taken to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.