OBJECTIVE To explore the epidemiological characteristics of the children with influenza A and influenza B in a hospital of Sichuan Province from 2019 to 2024 so as to provide bases for prevention and control of influenzas.
METHODS A total of 43, 348 children with respiratory tract infections who underwent antigen tests for influenza A and influenza B viruses in pediatrics departments of Sichuan JinxinXinan Women and Children Hospital from Jan. 2019 to Dec. 2024 were recruited as the research subjects. The antigens were detected with colloidal gold method. The differences in prevalence intensity, seasons, age and genders were observed and compared between the children with influenza A and those with influenza B.
RESULTS The total positive rate of antigens was 24.19% among the children with influenzas, the positive rate of influenza A (A) virus antigen was 21.64%, and the positive rate of influenza B (B) virus antigen was 2.56%. There was significant difference in the positive rate of virus antigen between the influenza A and the influenza B among different years(P < 0.05). The positive rate of A virus antigen was 16.13% among infants, 25.66% among preschool children, 24.55% among school-age children; the positive rate of B virus antigen was 1.42% among infants, 2.64% among preschool children, 3.95% among school-age children; there were significant differences in the positive rates of antigens of A and B viruses among the different age groups (P < 0.05). The positive rate of A virus antigen was 22.22% among the male infants, 21.00% among the female infants, and there was significant difference (P < 0.05); the positive rate of B virus antigen was 2.60% among the male infants, 2.51% among the female infants, and there was no significant difference. The positive rate of A virus antigen was 27.66% in spring, 11.94% in summer, 13.10% in autumn, 21.98% in winter; the positive rate of B virus antigen was 1.21% in spring, 0.09% in summer, 1.62% in autumn, 5.53% in winter; there were significant differences in the positive rates of antigens of A and B viruses among the seasons(P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS The total positive rate of influenza A virus antigen is higher than that of the influenza B virus antigen. There is difference in the susceptible population between the influenza A and the influenza B; the influenza A is highly prevalent in winter and spring, and the influenza B is highly prevalent in winter.
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