Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors for invasive fungal infections in patients with chronic nephrosis

OBJECTIVE To explore the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors for invasive fungal infections (IFI) in patients with chronic nephrosis. METHODS A total of 345 patients with chronic nephrosis who were treated in nephrology department of First Affiliated Hospital of PLA Air Force Military Medical University from Jan. 2021 to Dec. 2024 were recruited as the research subjects, the incidence of IFI among all the patients was statistically analyzed. The epidemiological characteristics and risk factors for the IFI in the patients with chronic nephrosis were analyzed. RESULTS Among the 345 patients with chronic nephrosis, 130 had IFI, with the incidence 37.68%; the proportion of the patients aged between 51 and 60 years old was high, and the female patients were dominant. Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis ranked the top 3 species of fungi, accounting for 53.08%, 13.85% and 11.54%, respectively. Respiratory system, urinary system and blood system ranked the top 3 infection sites, accounting for 48.46%, 26.92% and 14.62%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that complication with diabetes mellitus, invasive operation, use of antibiotics and old age were the risk factors for the IFI in patients with chronic nephrosis(P＜0.05). CONCLUSIONS The female aged between 51 and 60 years old are at high risk of IFI. The respiratory system is the common infection site. C. albicans is the predominant species of fungi. The complication with IFI is associated with diabetes mellitus, invasive operation, use of antibiotics and old age.